
Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Scs-cn Methodology
by Mishra, S. K.; Singh, Fijay P.; Singh, V. P.-
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Summary
Author Biography
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xiii |
List of Symbols | p. xv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling | p. 1 |
Catchment Characteristics | p. 2 |
Catchment Length, Width, and Slope | p. 2 |
Catchment Area | p. 3 |
Catchment Shape | p. 3 |
Catchment Relief | p. 3 |
Linear Measures | p. 3 |
Drainage Patterns | p. 4 |
Precipitation | p. 4 |
Quantitative Description of Rainfall | p. 4 |
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Rainfall | p. 5 |
Average Rainfall over an Area | p. 6 |
Rainfall Storm Analysis | p. 8 |
Interception | p. 31 |
Surface Detention and Depression Storage | p. 32 |
Evaporation | p. 33 |
Water Budget Method | p. 33 |
Mass Transfer Method | p. 34 |
Energy Budget Method | p. 36 |
Combination Method | p. 37 |
Pan Evaporation | p. 39 |
Evapotranspiration | p. 40 |
Infiltration | p. 44 |
Mechanism of Water Retention by Soil | p. 45 |
Retention Curves | p. 46 |
Darcy's Law | p. 47 |
Transport of Soil Moisture | p. 47 |
Measurement of Infiltration | p. 50 |
Conceptual Infiltration Models | p. 51 |
Infiltration Indices | p. 56 |
Runoff | p. 58 |
Modes of Runoff Generation | p. 58 |
Runoff Concentration | p. 60 |
Time of Concentration | p. 61 |
Lag Time | p. 63 |
Flow in Stream Channels | p. 65 |
Rating Curve | p. 65 |
Antecedent Moisture | p. 66 |
Determination of Runoff Hydrograph | p. 67 |
Unit Hydrograph (UH) | p. 67 |
Channel and Reservoir Routing | p. 71 |
Scope of the SCS-CN Concept in Hydrology | p. 79 |
Computation of Infiltration and DSRO Volumes | p. 79 |
Computation of Infiltration Rates | p. 79 |
Time-Distributed Event-Based Hydrologic Simulation | p. 80 |
Long-Term Hydrologic Simulation | p. 82 |
Transport of Urban Pollutants | p. 82 |
Sediment Yield | p. 83 |
Organization of the Book | p. 83 |
SCS-CN Method | p. 84 |
Historical Background | p. 84 |
Experimental Watersheds and Infiltration Studies | p. 84 |
Development of Rainfall-Runoff Methods | p. 85 |
SCS-CN Method | p. 85 |
Factors Affecting CN | p. 88 |
Soil Type | p. 89 |
Land Use | p. 93 |
Hydrologic Condition | p. 99 |
Agricultural Management Practices | p. 100 |
Antecedent Moisture Condition | p. 101 |
Initial Abstraction and Climate | p. 104 |
Rainfall Intensity and Duration and Turbidity | p. 105 |
Determination of Curve Number | p. 105 |
Development of CN for Complexes | p. 108 |
Rationale of Curve Number | p. 108 |
Use of NEH-4 Tables for SCS-CN Application | p. 108 |
Sensitivity Analysis | p. 114 |
First-Order Sensitivity Analysis | p. 115 |
Conventional Analysis | p. 118 |
Advantages and Limitations of the SCS-CN Method | p. 129 |
SCS-CN Application to Distributed Watershed Modeling | p. 130 |
Availability of Data | p. 130 |
Moglen Method | p. 131 |
Advantages and Limitations of the Moglen Method | p. 136 |
Modified Moglen Method | p. 136 |
Features of the Modified Moglen Method | p. 143 |
Advantages and Limitations of the Modified Moglen Method | p. 145 |
Analytical Derivation of the SCS-CN Method | p. 147 |
Early Rainfall-Runoff Methods | p. 147 |
Analytical Derivation of the Mockus and Other Methods | p. 149 |
Derivation of Mockus Method | p. 149 |
Derivation of Zoch Model | p. 151 |
Derivation of Depression and Interception Storage Models | p. 152 |
Generalization of the SCS-CN Method | p. 153 |
Generalization of the Mockus Method | p. 153 |
Statistical Derivation of the SCS-CN Method | p. 154 |
SCS-CN Derivation From the First-Order Hypothesis | p. 159 |
Derivation of SCS-CN Proportional Equality | p. 160 |
Non-Linear Derivation of SCS-CN Method | p. 161 |
SCS-CN Derivation Including Initial Abstraction | p. 163 |
Development of an Initial Abstraction Model | p. 165 |
Implication of Generalization of the Mockus Method | p. 167 |
Modification of the SCS-CN Method | p. 167 |
General Form of SCS-CN Model | p. 167 |
Characteristics of the SCS-CN and Mockus Methods | p. 168 |
Mockus Method | p. 168 |
SCS-CN Method | p. 169 |
Numerical Comparison of Methods | p. 170 |
Models Performance on Field Data | p. 173 |
Functional Behaviour of the Existing and Modified SCS-CN Methods | p. 179 |
Existing SCS-CN Method | p. 179 |
Modified SCS-CN Method | p. 184 |
Significance of the Proportional Equality | p. 186 |
Soil Porosity | p. 187 |
Proportional Equality | p. 187 |
Significance of CN | p. 188 |
Another Interpretation of S-CN Mapping Relation | p. 190 |
Antecedent Moisture Conditions | p. 191 |
Variation of CN With AMC | p. 194 |
CN Derivation From Rainfall-Runoff Data | p. 196 |
SCS-CN Concept as an Alternative to Power Law | p. 200 |
Determination of 'S' Using Volumetric Concept | p. 205 |
Analytical Derivation | p. 205 |
Equivalence Between SCS-CN Proportionality and C= S[subscript r] Concepts | p. 206 |
Effect of Antecedent Moisture Condition | p. 207 |
Effect of Initial Abstraction | p. 209 |
Effect of F[subscript c] | p. 215 |
Effect of Storm Duration, Rainfall Intensity, and Turbidity | p. 221 |
Effect of Agricultural Management Practices | p. 224 |
Verification of Existing AMC Criteria | p. 225 |
Determination of S | p. 226 |
Homogeneous Gauged Watersheds | p. 226 |
Heterogeneous Gauged Watersheds | p. 227 |
Ungauged Watersheds | p. 228 |
Use of NEH-4 Tables | p. 229 |
Workability of Model 4 | p. 229 |
Inverse Computation of F[subscript c] From NEH-4 CN-Values | p. 232 |
Verification of AMCCriteria For F[subscript c]-Values | p. 235 |
Applicability of NEH-4 Tables to Existing and General Models | p. 235 |
Condensation of NEH-4 Table | p. 239 |
Advantages and Limitations of the Modified Model | p. 243 |
Determination of 'S' Using Physical Principles | p. 244 |
Fokker-Planck Equation Of Infiltration | p. 245 |
Description of S | p. 251 |
Use of S[subscript s] And K[subscript h] | p. 251 |
Use of K[subscript h]-[theta] And [psi]-[theta] Relations | p. 252 |
Use of Intrinsic Sorptivity | p. 262 |
Vertical Infiltration | p. 263 |
Kinematic Wave | p. 265 |
S/P Relations for the Modified Model | p. 265 |
Effect of F[subscript c] On S[subscript i] | p. 267 |
Effect of M On S[subscript i] | p. 268 |
Effect of [lambda] On S[subscript i] | p. 273 |
Effect of P On S[subscript i] | p. 274 |
Determination of D[subscript s] From Universal Soil Loss Equation | p. 274 |
Infiltration and Runoff Hydrograph Simulation | p. 278 |
SCS-CN-Based Infiltration and Runoff Models | p. 278 |
Application Of Infiltration and Runoff Models | p. 282 |
Infiltration Data | p. 282 |
Ars Watersheds | p. 282 |
Error Criteria for Simulation | p. 283 |
Model Application to Infiltration Data | p. 284 |
Model Application to Rainfall-Runoff Data | p. 291 |
Long-Term Hydrologic Simulation | p. 323 |
SCS-CN-Based Hydrologic Models | p. 324 |
Williams-Laseur Model | p. 324 |
Hawkins Model | p. 329 |
Pandit and Gopalakrishnan Model | p. 333 |
Mishra et al. Model | p. 334 |
Simulation Using the Modified SCS-CN Model | p. 336 |
Rainfall-Excess Computation | p. 336 |
Soil Moisture Budgeting | p. 336 |
Computation of Evapotranspiration | p. 337 |
Catchment Routing | p. 338 |
Baseflow Computation | p. 338 |
Application of the Modified SCS-CN Model | p. 346 |
Parameter Estimation | p. 346 |
Model Calibration and Validation | p. 347 |
Volumetric Statistic | p. 348 |
Effect of Storm Duration on Model Parameters | p. 353 |
Sensitivity Analysis | p. 354 |
Application of the Variations of the Modified SCS-CN Model | p. 356 |
Transport of Urban Pollutants | p. 360 |
Heavy Metals | p. 361 |
Metal Partitioning | p. 362 |
Metal Transport | p. 364 |
Rating Curves In Open Channel Hydraulics | p. 364 |
Governing Flow and Metal Transport Equations of Equivalent Mass Depth of Flow | p. 367 |
Relation Between Concentration and Equivalent Mass Depth | p. 368 |
SCS-CN Analogy for Metal Partitioning | p. 369 |
Application of Wave Analogy | p. 374 |
Experimental Watershed | p. 374 |
Development of Looped Mass Rating Curves | p. 374 |
Process of Mixing of Metals With Rainfall | p. 379 |
Development of Normal Mass Rating Curves | p. 381 |
Wave Analysis | p. 389 |
Determination of Potential Mass Depth of Flow | p. 395 |
Limitations of Wave Analogy | p. 396 |
Application of the SCS-CN Analogy To Metal Partitioning in the Rainfall-Runoff Environment | p. 400 |
Derivation of K[subscript d] And PCN | p. 400 |
Relations Between [psi] and Chemical Characteristics of Rainfall | p. 405 |
Relation Between I[subscript f] and [psi] | p. 406 |
Relation Between ADP and [psi] | p. 407 |
Application of the SCS-CN Analogy To Metal Partitioning in the Snowmelt Environment | p. 408 |
Snowmelt Water Quality Data | p. 408 |
Metal Partitioning in Snowmelt Medium | p. 413 |
Relation of PCN And K[subscript d] With the Medium Characteristics | p. 414 |
PCN- and K[subscript d]-Based Ranking Of Metals | p. 418 |
Application of the SCS-CN Analogy To Metal Partitioning in the Riverflow Environment | p. 418 |
Don River Flow and Water Quality Data | p. 418 |
Metal Partitioning in River Flow System | p. 419 |
Relation Between Partitioning Parameters and Medium Characteristics | p. 422 |
P/CN-Based Characterization of Media | p. 423 |
Determination of Annual Pollutant Loads | p. 424 |
NPDES Permit | p. 424 |
Dry- and Wet-Weather Conditions | p. 425 |
Methodology for Estimation of Annual Loads | p. 425 |
Application Results | p. 428 |
Summary | p. 434 |
Sediment Yield | p. 436 |
Computation of Sediment Yield | p. 437 |
Analytical Derivation | p. 439 |
Coupling of SCS-CN Method With USLE | p. 440 |
Application | p. 446 |
Study Areas | p. 446 |
Discussion of Results | p. 447 |
SCS-CN Theory for S Including I[subscript a] | p. 457 |
Marquardt Algorithm | p. 463 |
Analytical Derivation For Wave Characteristics | p. 468 |
Universal Soil Loss Equation | p. 479 |
References | p. 481 |
Author Index | p. 500 |
Subject Index | p. 505 |
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