Exploring Space, Exploring Earth: New Understanding of the Earth from Space Research

by
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2002-08-26
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
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Summary

Paul Lowman, a NASA scientist for over 40 years, describes the impact of space flight on geology and geophysics. A foreword by Neil Armstrong emphasizes that the exploration of space has lead us to a far deeper understanding of our own planet. Direct results from Earth-orbital missions include studies of Earth's gravity and magnetic fields. In contrast, the recognition of the economic and biological significance of impact craters on Earth is an indirect consequence of the study of the geology of other planets. The final chapter presents a new theory for the tectonic evolution of the Earth based on comparative planetology and the Gaia concept. Extensive illustrations, a glossary of technical terms, and comprehensive bibliography, provide geologists and geophysicists with a valuable summary of research. The book will also serve as a supplementary text for students of tectonics, remote sensing and planetary science.

Table of Contents

Foreword xi
Neil A. Armstrong
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
Preview of the orbital perspective: the million-year day
1(15)
Introduction
1(1)
A digital tectonic activity map of the Earth
1(4)
Sea-surface satellite altimetry
5(2)
Satellite measurement of plate motion and deformation
7(1)
Satellite remote sensing
7(3)
Satellite magnetic surveys
10(2)
Origin and significance of the digital tectonic activity map
12(4)
Space geodesy
16(67)
Introduction
16(1)
Space geodesy methods
17(16)
Shape of the Earth
33(4)
Gravity anomalies and global tectonics
37(2)
Marine gravity and ocean-floor topography
39(6)
Plate motion and deformation
45(6)
Plate tectonics and continental drift
51(5)
GPS measurements of crustal deformation
56(11)
Earth rotation and expansion tectonics
67(4)
Extraterrestrial gravity fields
71(11)
Gravity field of the Moon
71(5)
Gravity field of Mars
76(3)
Gravity field of Venus
79(3)
Summary
82(1)
Satellite studies of geomagnetism
83(40)
Introduction
83(8)
Satellite investigations of the Earth's magnetic field
91(1)
The main field
92(2)
The crustal field
94(18)
Extraterrestrial magnetic fields
112(8)
Summary
120(3)
Remote sensing: the view from space
123(68)
Introduction
123(3)
Orbital remote sensing in geology: a brief history
126(3)
Tectonics and structural geology
129(24)
Global tectonic activity map
129(2)
Tectonics of southern Asia
131(5)
Elsinore Fault
136(5)
Lineament tectonics
141(12)
Exploration geology
153(14)
Petroleum exploration
153(9)
Mineral exploration
162(5)
Environmental geology
167(23)
Active volcanism
167(11)
Glacial geology
178(5)
Aeolian geology and desertification
183(7)
Summary
190(1)
Impact cratering and terrestrial geology
191(36)
Introduction
191(2)
Hypervelocity impact
193(3)
Impact craters
196(7)
Cratering studies and the space age
203(4)
Origin of continents
207(2)
Origin of ocean basins
209(1)
Economic importance of terrestrial impact structures
210(4)
Origin of the Sudbury Structure
214(6)
Impacts and basaltic magmatism
220(1)
Impacts and mass extinctions
221(2)
Summary
223(4)
Comparative planetology and the origin of continental crust
227(45)
Introduction
227(2)
Origin of the continental crust
229(1)
Previous studies
230(12)
Crustal province boundaries: are they sutures?
232(5)
Ensialic greenstone belts
237(2)
Terrane accretion vs. reworking
239(3)
Thermal histories of planets
242(2)
Crustal evolution in silicate planets
244(11)
First differentiation
245(8)
Late heavy bombardment
253(1)
Second differentiation
253(1)
Summary
254(1)
A model of continental crust
255(4)
Evolution of the continental crust
259(10)
Stage I: first differentiation
261(4)
Stage II: second differentiation
265(4)
Petrologic evolution of the Earth
269(3)
Geology and biology: the influence of life on terrestrial geology
272(10)
Introduction
272(1)
Gaia
273(3)
The geologic role of water
276(2)
Gaia and geology
278(1)
A biogenic theory of tectonic evolution
278(1)
Summary
279(3)
Afterword 282(6)
Appendix A Essentials of physical geology 288(2)
Appendix B Lunar missions, 1958 to 1994 290(7)
Appendix C Planetary missions, 1961 to 1992 297(8)
Glossary of geologic terms 305(4)
Selected bibliography (by chapter) 309(49)
Index 358

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