|  |  | xii |  | 
| Preface |  | xiii |  | 
| Organization of the text |  | xiii |  | 
| New to this edition |  | xv |  | 
| Supplemental resources |  | xv |  | 
| Acknowledgments |  | xvi |  | 
| Introduction |  | xviii |  | 
|  |  | 1 | (17) | 
|  |  | 1 | (1) | 
| 
|  | The American system of law |  |  | 1 | (5) | 
|  |  | 6 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Interplay among the three branches of government in lawmaking |  |  | 8 | (6) | 
|  |  | 14 | (2) | 
|  |  | 16 | (1) | 
|  |  | 17 | (1) | 
|  |  | 17 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Reasoning and Analysis |  |  | 18 | (24) | 
|  |  | 18 | (1) | 
| 
|  | An illustrative fact pattern |  |  | 19 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Doctrine of stare decisis |  |  | 19 | (6) | 
|  |  | 25 | (2) | 
|  |  | 27 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal analysis of statutory law |  |  | 28 | (6) | 
| 
|  | Legal analysis of constitutional law |  |  | 34 | (3) | 
| 
|  | The interpretation process |  |  | 37 | (3) | 
|  |  | 40 | (1) | 
|  |  | 40 | (1) | 
|  |  | 41 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Secondary Sources and Finding Tools |  |  | 42 | (63) | 
|  |  | 42 | (1) | 
|  |  | 42 | (12) | 
|  |  | 54 | (12) | 
| 
|  | Attorney General opinions |  |  | 66 | (1) | 
|  |  | 67 | (1) | 
|  |  | 68 | (1) | 
|  |  | 69 | (6) | 
|  |  | 75 | (1) | 
|  |  | 75 | (6) | 
|  |  | 81 | (1) | 
|  |  | 82 | (3) | 
|  |  | 85 | (1) | 
|  |  | 86 | (11) | 
|  |  | 97 | (1) | 
|  |  | 98 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Legal Encyclopedias |  |  | 98 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--American Law Reports |  |  | 100 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Digests |  |  | 102 | (3) | 
| 
|  | The Judicial Branch and Cases |  |  | 105 | (47) | 
|  |  | 105 | (1) | 
|  |  | 105 | (15) | 
|  |  | 120 | (19) | 
|  |  | 139 | (2) | 
|  |  | 141 | (2) | 
|  |  | 143 | (4) | 
|  |  | 147 | (1) | 
|  |  | 148 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Reading Cases |  |  | 149 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Case Law |  |  | 150 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Primary Sources: Constitutions, Statutes, Court Rules, and Administrative Law |  |  | 152 | (68) | 
|  |  | 152 | (1) | 
|  |  | 152 | (4) | 
|  |  | 156 | (33) | 
|  |  | 189 | (6) | 
|  |  | 195 | (18) | 
|  |  | 213 | (1) | 
|  |  | 213 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Constitutions |  |  | 214 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Statutes |  |  | 215 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Court Rules |  |  | 216 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Administrative Law |  |  | 218 | (2) | 
|  |  | 220 | (42) | 
|  |  | 220 | (1) | 
|  |  | 221 | (4) | 
|  |  | 225 | (17) | 
|  |  | 242 | (13) | 
|  |  | 255 | (5) | 
|  |  | 260 | (1) | 
|  |  | 260 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--Citators |  |  | 260 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Overview of the Research Process |  |  | 262 | (16) | 
|  |  | 263 | (1) | 
|  |  | 263 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Identification of key terms |  |  | 266 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Basic approaches to legal research |  |  | 267 | (2) | 
|  |  | 269 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Learning about the general topic |  |  | 269 | (1) | 
|  |  | 270 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Relationship among research tools |  |  | 272 | (3) | 
|  |  | 275 | (1) | 
|  |  | 276 | (1) | 
|  |  | 276 | (2) | 
| 
|  | CALR: Computer-Assisted Legal Research |  |  | 278 | (18) | 
|  |  | 278 | (1) | 
| 
|  | History of Computer-Assisted Legal Research (CALR) |  |  | 278 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Electronic information formats |  |  | 279 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Computer-Assisted Legal Research tools |  |  | 281 | (2) | 
|  |  | 283 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Business information databases |  |  | 284 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Investigative and public records databases |  |  | 287 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Legal citation: electronic formats |  |  | 290 | (1) | 
|  |  | 291 | (1) | 
|  |  | 292 | (1) | 
|  |  | 293 | (3) | 
| 
|  | The Internet in a Nutshell |  |  | 296 | (22) | 
|  |  | 296 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Accessing the information superhighway |  |  | 298 | (1) | 
|  |  | 299 | (3) | 
| 
|  | The Internet as a research tool |  |  | 302 | (8) | 
| 
|  | Evaluative guidelines for selecting Internet resources |  |  | 310 | (1) | 
|  |  | 310 | (4) | 
|  |  | 314 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--The Internet |  |  | 316 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Cyberlaw: Using the Internet as a Legal Research Tool |  |  | 318 | (13) | 
|  |  | 318 | (1) | 
|  |  | 319 | (2) | 
| 
|  | The bad news: what is [currently] not available |  |  | 321 | (1) | 
|  |  | 321 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Legal resources on the Internet |  |  | 322 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Government information on the Internet |  |  | 322 | (1) | 
|  |  | 323 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Limitations to using the Internet as a research tool |  |  | 324 | (1) | 
|  |  | 324 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Copyright concerns in the digital environment |  |  | 325 | (1) | 
|  |  | 326 |  | 
|  |  | 237 | (92) | 
| 
|  | Legal Research Assignment--the Internet |  |  | 329 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Introduction to Legal Writing |  |  | 331 | (16) | 
|  |  | 334 | (5) | 
|  |  | 339 | (7) | 
|  |  | 346 | (1) | 
|  |  | 346 | (1) | 
|  |  | 346 | (1) | 
|  |  | 347 | (18) | 
|  |  | 347 | (1) | 
|  |  | 347 | (1) | 
|  |  | 348 | (4) | 
|  |  | 352 | (3) | 
| 
|  | More legal writing advice |  |  | 355 | (6) | 
|  |  | 361 | (1) | 
|  |  | 361 | (1) | 
|  |  | 361 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Transmittal Letter and Client Opinion Letter |  |  | 365 | (21) | 
|  |  | 365 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Purpose of the transmittal letter |  |  | 365 | (1) | 
|  |  | 365 | (9) | 
| 
|  | Purpose of the client opinion letter |  |  | 374 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Format of the client opinion letter |  |  | 375 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Sample client opinion letters |  |  | 375 | (9) | 
|  |  | 384 | (1) | 
|  |  | 384 | (1) | 
|  |  | 385 | (1) | 
|  |  | 386 | (33) | 
|  |  | 386 | (1) | 
| 
|  | What is covered in this chapter |  |  | 386 | (1) | 
| 
|  | The substance of the contract |  |  | 387 | (2) | 
|  |  | 389 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Checklist of matters to be considered when writing a contract for the sale of goods |  |  | 390 | (1) | 
|  |  | 391 | (7) | 
| 
|  | Checklist for an employment contract |  |  | 398 | (1) | 
|  |  | 399 | (2) | 
| 
|  | A type of employment agreement--the attorney-client retainer agreement |  |  | 401 | (16) | 
|  |  | 417 | (1) | 
|  |  | 417 | (2) | 
|  |  | 419 | (23) | 
|  |  | 419 | (1) | 
|  |  | 419 | (3) | 
|  |  | 422 | (3) | 
|  |  | 425 | (1) | 
|  |  | 426 | (3) | 
| 
|  | Evidentiary facts, ultimate facts, and legal conclusions |  |  | 429 | (3) | 
| 
|  | First sample set of pleadings |  |  | 432 | (4) | 
| 
|  | Second sample set of pleadings |  |  | 436 | (4) | 
|  |  | 440 | (1) | 
|  |  | 441 | (1) | 
|  |  | 441 | (1) | 
|  |  | 442 | (27) | 
|  |  | 442 | (1) | 
|  |  | 442 | (1) | 
|  |  | 443 | (1) | 
|  |  | 443 | (8) | 
|  |  | 451 | (6) | 
|  |  | 457 | (6) | 
| 
|  | Communicating clearly with the reader |  |  | 463 | (5) | 
|  |  | 468 | (1) | 
|  |  | 468 | (1) | 
|  |  | 468 | (1) | 
|  |  | 469 | (18) | 
|  |  | 469 | (1) | 
|  |  | 469 | (2) | 
|  |  | 471 | (1) | 
|  |  | 471 | (1) | 
|  |  | 472 |  | 
| 
|  | First sample memorandum of law |  |  | 464 | (16) | 
| 
|  | Second sample memorandum of law |  |  | 480 | (5) | 
|  |  | 485 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Cyberlaw Exercises and Examples |  |  | 485 | (1) | 
|  |  | 486 | (1) | 
|  |  | 487 | (30) | 
|  |  | 487 | (1) | 
|  |  | 488 | (2) | 
|  |  | 490 | (7) | 
| 
|  | First sample appellate brief |  |  | 497 | (9) | 
| 
|  | Second sample appellate brief |  |  | 506 | (10) | 
|  |  | 516 | (1) | 
|  |  | 516 | (1) | 
|  |  | 516 | (1) | 
| APPENDICES |  | 517 | (88) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX A Search and Seizure |  |  | 517 | (39) | 
|  |  | 517 | (1) | 
| 
|  | The Williams search and seizure problem |  |  | 517 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Examples of Primary and Secondary Sources Found after researching search and seizure problem |  |  | 518 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Research and writing exercises |  |  | 519 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Flowchart for office memo on Williams Brothers |  |  | 519 | (2) | 
| 
|  | Sample outline for office memo |  |  | 521 | (35) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX B Citation Rules |  |  | 556 | (5) | 
|  |  | 556 | (1) | 
| 
|  | United States Supreme Court cases |  |  | 557 | (1) | 
| 
|  | United States courts of appeals |  |  | 557 | (1) | 
| 
|  | United States district courts |  |  | 557 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations for constitutions |  |  | 558 | (1) | 
|  |  | 558 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations for court rules |  |  | 558 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations for administrative law |  |  | 559 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations to legal encyclopedias |  |  | 559 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations to American Law Reports |  |  | 559 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations to attorneys general opinions |  |  | 559 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citations to restatements |  |  | 559 | (1) | 
|  |  | 560 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citation to a legal dictionary |  |  | 560 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citation to a law review article |  |  | 560 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Citation to Internet material |  |  | 560 | (1) | 
|  |  | 560 | (1) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX C Rules for Quotations and Short Form Citations |  |  | 561 | (7) | 
|  |  | 561 | (1) | 
|  |  | 561 | (5) | 
|  |  | 566 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Short form citations for statutes |  |  | 566 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Exercises on short form citations |  |  | 567 | (1) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX D Mechanical Errors |  |  | 568 | (13) | 
|  |  | 568 | (1) | 
|  |  | 568 | (2) | 
|  |  | 570 | (1) | 
|  |  | 570 | (3) | 
|  |  | 573 | (1) | 
|  |  | 574 | (2) | 
|  |  | 576 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Active versus passive voice |  |  | 577 | (2) | 
|  |  | 579 | (1) | 
|  |  | 580 | (1) | 
|  |  | 581 | (5) | 
| 
|  | Was swimming pool an attractive nuisance? |  |  | 581 | (1) | 
|  |  | 582 | (1) | 
|  |  | 583 | (1) | 
| 
|  | I wonder what is in the package |  |  | 584 | (2) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX F Web Bibliography: Company Information on the Internet |  |  | 586 | (2) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX G Internet Terminology |  |  | 588 | (3) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX H Bibliography of Evaluative Criteria Web Sites |  |  | 591 | (1) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX I Legal Research ``Starting Points'' |  |  | 592 | (2) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX J Federal Law Resources |  |  | 594 | (3) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX K State and Local Resources |  |  | 597 | (1) | 
| 
|  | Appendix L International Law Resources |  |  | 598 | (1) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX M Commercial Legal Information Web Sites |  |  | 599 | (1) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX N Topical Index of Legal and Government Web Sites |  |  | 600 | (4) | 
| 
|  | APPENDIX O Law-Related Internet Discussion Groups (Lists) |  |  | 604 | (1) | 
| Glossary |  | 605 | (10) | 
| Index |  | 615 |  |