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List of the Most Important Symbols Used |
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xix | |
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1 | (4) |
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Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (4) |
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The Mass and Size of the Atom |
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5 | (22) |
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5 | (1) |
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Determination of the Mass |
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5 | (2) |
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Methods for Determining Avogadro's Number |
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7 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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The Gas Constant and Boltzmann's Constant |
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7 | (1) |
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X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals |
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8 | (1) |
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Determination Using Radioactive Decay |
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9 | (1) |
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Determination of the Size of the Atom |
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10 | (17) |
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Application of the Kinetic Theory of Gases |
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10 | (1) |
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The Interaction Cross Section |
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11 | (3) |
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Experimental Determination of Interaction Cross Sections |
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14 | (1) |
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Determining the Atomic Size from the Covolume |
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15 | (1) |
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Atomic Sizes from X-Ray Diffraction Measurements on Crystals |
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15 | (5) |
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Can Individual Atoms Be Seen? |
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20 | (5) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (10) |
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The Periodic System of the Elements |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (8) |
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29 | (3) |
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Improved Mass Spectrometers |
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32 | (1) |
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Results of Mass Spectrometry |
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33 | (1) |
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Modern Applications of the Mass Spectrometer |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (12) |
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Passage of Electrons Through Matter |
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37 | (2) |
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Passage of Alpha Particles Through Matter (Rutherford Scattering) |
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39 | (10) |
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Some Properties of Alpha Particles |
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39 | (1) |
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Scattering of Alpha Particles by a Foil |
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39 | (2) |
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Derivation of the Rutherford Scattering Formula |
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41 | (5) |
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46 | (1) |
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What is Meant by Nuclear Radius? |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (20) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (7) |
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Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation |
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51 | (2) |
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Planck's Radiation Formula |
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53 | (1) |
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Einstein's Derivation of Planck's Formula |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (9) |
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60 | (2) |
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Derivation of the Compton Shift |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (5) |
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69 | (12) |
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Production of Free Electrons |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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The Charge of the Electron |
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70 | (1) |
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The Specific Charge e/m of the Electron |
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71 | (3) |
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Wave Character of Electrons and Other Particles |
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74 | (4) |
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Interferometry with Atoms |
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78 | (3) |
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79 | (2) |
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Some Basic Properties of Matter Waves |
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81 | (14) |
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81 | (4) |
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Probabilistic Interpretation |
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85 | (2) |
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The Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation |
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87 | (2) |
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The Energy-Time Uncertainty Relation |
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89 | (1) |
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Some Consequences of the Uncertainty Relations for Bound States |
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90 | (5) |
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93 | (2) |
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Bohr's Model of the Hydrogen Atom |
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95 | (30) |
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Basic Principles of Spectroscopy |
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95 | (2) |
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The Optical Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (4) |
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Some Quantitative Conclusions |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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Spectra of Hydrogen-like Atoms |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (3) |
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Excitation of Quantum Jumps by Collisions |
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112 | (2) |
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Sommerfeld's Extension of the Bohr Model and the Experimental Justification of a Second Quantum Number |
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114 | (2) |
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Lifting of Orbital Degeneracy by the Relativistic Mass Change |
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116 | (1) |
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Limits of the Bohr-Sommerfeld Theory. The Correspondence Principle |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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Exotic Atoms: Positronium, Muonium, and Antihydrogen |
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120 | (5) |
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122 | (3) |
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The Mathematical Framework of Quantum Theory |
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125 | (28) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (2) |
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The Conceptual Basis of Quantum Theory |
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131 | (11) |
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Observations, Values of Measurements and Operators |
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131 | (1) |
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Momentum Measurement and Momentum Probability |
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132 | (1) |
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Average Values and Expectation Values |
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133 | (3) |
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Operators and Expectation Values |
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136 | (1) |
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Equations for Determining the Wavefunction |
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137 | (2) |
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Simultaneous Observability and Commutation Relations |
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139 | (3) |
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The Quantum Mechanical Oscillator |
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142 | (11) |
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148 | (5) |
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Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom |
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153 | (18) |
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Motion in a Central Field |
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153 | (2) |
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Angular Momentum Eigenfunctions |
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155 | (6) |
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The Radial Wavefunctions in a Central Field* |
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161 | (2) |
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The Radial Wavefunctions of Hydrogen |
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163 | (8) |
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169 | (2) |
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Lifting of the Orbital Degeneracy in the Spectra of Alkali Atoms |
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171 | (10) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (5) |
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179 | (2) |
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179 | (2) |
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Orbital and Spin Magnetism. Fine Structure |
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181 | (24) |
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Introduction and Overview |
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181 | (1) |
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Magnetic Moment of the Orbital Motion |
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182 | (2) |
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Precession and Orientation in a Magnetic Field |
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184 | (2) |
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Spin and Magnetic Moment of the Electron |
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186 | (2) |
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Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio by the Einstein-de Haas Method |
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188 | (1) |
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Detection of Directional Quantisation by Stern and Gerlach |
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189 | (2) |
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Fine Structure and Spin-Orbit Coupling: Overview |
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191 | (1) |
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Calculation of Spin-Orbit Splitting in the Bohr Model |
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192 | (4) |
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Level Scheme of the Alkali Atoms |
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196 | (1) |
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Fine Structure in the Hydrogen Atom |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (7) |
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202 | (3) |
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Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Experiments and Their Semiclassical Description |
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205 | (18) |
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Directional Quantisation in a Magnetic Field |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (9) |
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208 | (2) |
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Explanation of the Zeeman Effect from the Standpoint of Classical Electron Theory |
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210 | (2) |
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Description of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect by the Vector Model |
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212 | (2) |
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The Anomalous Zeeman Effect |
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214 | (1) |
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Magnetic Moments with Spin-Orbit Coupling |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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Double Resonance and Optical Pumping |
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218 | (5) |
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220 | (3) |
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Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Quantum Mechanical Treatment |
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223 | (38) |
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Quantum Theory of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect |
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223 | (2) |
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Quantum Theoretical Treatment of the Electron and Proton Spins |
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225 | (7) |
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225 | (1) |
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Spin Operators, Spin Matrices and Spin Wavefunctions |
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226 | (2) |
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The Schrodinger Equation of a Spin in a Magnetic Field |
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228 | (2) |
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Description of Spin Precession by Expectation Values |
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230 | (2) |
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Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Anomalous Zeeman Effect with Spin-Orbit Coupling* |
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232 | (4) |
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Quantum Theory of a Spin in Mutually Perpendicular Magnetic Fields, One Constant and One Time Dependent |
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236 | (5) |
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241 | (2) |
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The Relativistic Theory of the Electron. The Dirac Equation |
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243 | (6) |
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The Hydrogen Atom in Strong Magnetic Fields* |
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249 | (12) |
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Rydberg Atoms in Strong Fields |
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250 | (1) |
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What is Chaos? A Reminder of Classical Mechanics |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (2) |
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The Hydrogen Atom in Strong Magnetic Fields and in Low Quantum States |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (2) |
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Atoms in an Electric Field |
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261 | (34) |
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Observations of the Stark Effect |
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261 | (2) |
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Quantum Theory of the Linear and Quadratic Stark Effects |
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263 | (7) |
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263 | (1) |
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The Quadratic Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory Without Degeneracy* |
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264 | (3) |
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The Linear Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory in the Presence of Degeneracy* |
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267 | (3) |
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The Interaction of a Two-Level Atom with a Coherent Radiation Field |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (3) |
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A Glance at Quantum Electrodynamics* |
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276 | (12) |
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276 | (5) |
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Mass Renormalization and Lamb Shift |
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281 | (7) |
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Atoms in Strong Electric Fields* |
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288 | (7) |
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292 | (3) |
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General Laws of Optical Transitions |
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295 | (16) |
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Symmetries and Selection Rules |
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295 | (11) |
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295 | (1) |
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Examples of the Symmetry Behaviour of Wavefunctions |
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295 | (5) |
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300 | (3) |
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Selection Rules and Multiple Radiation* |
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303 | (3) |
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Linewidths and Lineshapes |
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306 | (5) |
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311 | (12) |
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The Spectrum of the Helium Atom |
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311 | (2) |
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Electron Repulsion and the Pauli Principle |
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313 | (1) |
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Angular Momentum Coupling |
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314 | (6) |
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314 | (1) |
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LS Coupling (Russell-Saunders Coupling) |
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314 | (4) |
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318 | (2) |
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Magnetic Moments of Many-Electron Atoms |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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321 | (2) |
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X-Ray Spectra, Internal Shells |
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323 | (14) |
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323 | (1) |
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X-Radiation from Outer Shells |
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323 | (1) |
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X-Ray Bremsstrahlung Spectra |
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324 | (2) |
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Emission Line Spectra: Characteristic Radiation |
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326 | (2) |
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Fine Structure of the X-Ray Spectra |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (2) |
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Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), ESCA |
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334 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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Structure of the Periodic System. Ground States of the Elements |
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337 | (24) |
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Periodic System and Shell Structure |
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337 | (7) |
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From the Electron Configuration to the Atomic Term Scheme. Atomic Ground States |
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344 | (3) |
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Excited States of Atoms and Possible Electronic Configurations. Complete Term Schemes |
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347 | (2) |
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The Many-Electron Problem. Hartree-Fock Method* |
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349 | (12) |
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349 | (5) |
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Many Electrons Without Mutual Interactions |
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354 | (1) |
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Coulomb Interaction of Electrons. Hartree and Hartree-Fock Methods |
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355 | (3) |
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358 | (3) |
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Nuclear Spin, Hyperfine Structure |
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361 | (26) |
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Influence of the Atomic Nucleus on Atomic Spectra |
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361 | (1) |
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Spins and Magnetic Moments of Atomic Nuclei |
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362 | (2) |
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The Hyperfine Interaction |
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364 | (4) |
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Hyperfine Structure in the Ground State of the Hydrogen Atom, the Sodium Atom, and the Hydrogen-like Ion 83Bi82+ |
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368 | (2) |
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Hyperfine Structure in an External Magnetic Field, Electron Spin Resonance |
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370 | (5) |
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Direct Measurements of Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
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375 | (3) |
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Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
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378 | (5) |
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The Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moment |
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383 | (4) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (12) |
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Some Basic Concepts for the Laser |
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387 | (3) |
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Rate Equations and Lasing Conditions |
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390 | (3) |
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Amplitude and Phase of Laser Light |
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393 | (6) |
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396 | (3) |
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Modern Methods of Optical Spectroscopy |
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399 | (18) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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Doppler-free Saturation Spectroscopy |
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402 | (2) |
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Doppler-free Two-Photon Absorption |
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404 | (2) |
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Level-Crossing Spectroscopy and the Hanle Effect |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (5) |
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Nondestructive Single-Photon Detection -- An Example of Atomic Physics in a Resonant Cavity |
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413 | (4) |
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415 | (2) |
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Progress in Quantum Physics: A Deeper Understanding and New Applications |
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417 | (22) |
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417 | (1) |
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The Superposition Principle, Interference, Probability and Probability Amplitudes |
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417 | (2) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) Paradox |
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421 | (1) |
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Bell's Inequalities and the Hidden-Variable Hypothesis |
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422 | (3) |
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Experiments to Test Bell's Inequalities |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (6) |
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426 | (1) |
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Review of Digital Computers |
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427 | (1) |
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Basic Concepts of the Quantum Computer |
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428 | (2) |
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Decoherence and Error Correction |
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430 | (2) |
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A Comparison Between the Quantum Computer and the Digital Computer |
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432 | (1) |
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Quantum Information Theory |
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432 | (1) |
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The Bose-Einstein Condensation |
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432 | (4) |
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Review of Statistical Mechanics |
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432 | (1) |
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The Experimental Discovery |
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433 | (2) |
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The Quantum Theory of the Bose-Einstein Condensation |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (3) |
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437 | (2) |
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Fundamentals of the Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding |
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439 | (30) |
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439 | (1) |
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The Hydrogen-Molecule Ion H2 |
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439 | (6) |
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445 | (2) |
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447 | (7) |
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454 | (1) |
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The Hund-Mulliken-Bloch Theory of Bonding in Hydrogen |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (2) |
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The π Electrons of Benzene, C6H6 |
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458 | (3) |
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460 | (1) |
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The Dirac Delta Function and the Normalisation of the Wavefunction of a Free Particle in Unbounded Space |
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461 | (4) |
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Some Properties of the Hamiltonian Operator, Its Eigenfunctions and its Eigenvalues |
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465 | (1) |
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Derivation of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation |
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466 | (3) |
| Solutions to the Problems |
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469 | (30) |
| Bibliography of Supplementary and Specialised Literature |
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499 | (8) |
| Subject Index |
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507 | |
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