Sniffy the Virtual Rat, Lite Version

by ; ;
Edition: 1st
Format: Digital
Pub. Date: 1999-12-20
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

The new Lite Version of the famous Sniffy software simulates the elementary phenomena of operant and classical conditioning that are discussed in courses on the Psychology of Learning and in Introductory Psychology courses. Sniffy, a realistic digital rat in an operant chamber (Skinner Box), gives students hands-on experience setting up and conducting experiments. Users begin by training Sniffy to press a bar to obtain food and progress to studying reinforcement schedules and simple classical conditioning. In addition, a series of "Mind Windows" enable students to visualize how Sniffy's experiences in the Skinner Box produce the psychological changes that their textbooks discuss in connection with the phenomena simulated. The Sniffy, Lite Version CD-ROM comes packaged in the front of a brief, hands-on Lab Manual that walks users through the steps that they need to follow to set up a wide variety of operant and classical conditioning experiments that closely resemble experiments discussed in learning texts.

Table of Contents

Preface: Installing and Running Sniffy Lite ix
Acknowledgments xiv
Introduction to Sniffy
1(6)
Why We Created Sniffy
1(1)
How We Created Sniffy, the Animated Creature
2(1)
Sniffy, the Program
2(2)
Sniffy Is a Learning Tool, Not a Research Tool
4(1)
Applying What You Learn from Sniffy
5(2)
Introduction to Operant Conditioning
7(10)
Edward Thorndike
7(1)
B. F. Skinner
8(3)
The Operant Chamber
11(2)
Reinforcement and Punishment
13(4)
Basic Operant Phenomena: Magazine Training, Shaping, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Secondary Reinforcement
17(28)
Important Technical Notice
17(1)
A First Look at Sniffy Lite
18(2)
Operant Conditioning: Technique
20(1)
Magazine Training
21(2)
Shaping: Teaching Sniffy to Press the Bar
23(4)
Cumulative Records: Visualizing Sniffy's Bar-Press Performance
27(3)
Accelerating Time
30(1)
(Optional). Training Real Animals
31(3)
Extinction
34(4)
Secondary Reinforcement
38(2)
Spontaneous Recovery
40(2)
Copying and Pasting the Contents of a Sniffy Lite Window
42(3)
Schedules of Reinforcement and the Partial-Reinforcement Effect
45(16)
Background and Examples
45(4)
Variable-Ratio (VR) and Variable-Interval (VI) Schedules
49(1)
Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedules
50(1)
Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedules
50(1)
Setting Up a Schedule in the Design Operant Experiment Dialogue Box
51(1)
Placing Sniffy on a Small VR Schedule
52(2)
Increasing the Value of Sniffy's VR Schedule
54(2)
Variable-Interval Schedules
56(1)
Fixed-Ratio Schedules
56(1)
Fixed-Interval Schedules
57(1)
How Realistic Are Sniffy's Schedule Performances?
57(1)
The Effect of Partial Reinforcement on Extinction
58(3)
Introduction to Classical Conditioning
61(22)
Background
61(1)
The Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
62(2)
The Design Classical Conditioning Experiment Dialogue Box
64(4)
The Sensitivity & Fear Mind Window
68(1)
The CS Response Strength Mind Window
68(1)
The Suppression-Ratio Window
69(1)
The Cumulative Record During Classical Conditioning
70(1)
How to Get Reliable, Comparable Results
70(1)
Putting Everything Together to Understand Classical Conditioning
71(1)
Exporting Your Results to Other Programs
72(2)
Time-Saving Hints
74(1)
Basic Acquisition
75(3)
Extinction
78(2)
Spontaneous Recovery
80(3)
APPENDIX 1 User's Guide to Commands and Dialogue Boxes 83(8)
The File Menu
83(1)
The Edit Menu
84(1)
The Experiment Menu
85(4)
Design Operant Experiment
85(1)
Remove Sniffy for Time-Out
86(1)
Design Classical Conditioning Experiment
87(1)
Run Classical Conditioning Experiment
87(1)
Isolate Sniffy (Accelerate Time)
88(1)
Show Sniffy
88(1)
The Windows Menu
89(2)
APPENDIX 2 How to Manage Your Sniffy Lite Files 91(19)
Floppy Disks and Hard Disks
91(2)
Deciding Where to Save Your Files
93(2)
Getting Easy Access to the Sniffy Lite Program and Your Sniffy Lite Files from Your Computer Desktop
95(2)
Creating a Windows Shortcut
95(1)
Creating a Macintosh Alias
96(1)
Saving Files
97(5)
Saving Files in Windows
97(3)
Saving Files on a Macintosh
100(2)
Opening Files
102(3)
Opening Files in Windows
102(1)
Opening Files on a Macintosh
103(2)
Copying Files from a Hard Disk to a Floppy Disk
105(2)
Instructions for Windows Users
105(1)
Instructions for Macintosh Users
106(1)
Copying Files from a Floppy Disk to a Hard Disk
107(1)
Instructions for Windows Users
107(1)
Instructions for Macintosh Users
107(1)
Using Sniffy Lite for Macintosh Files on a Windows PC and Vice Versa
108(2)
References 110(2)
Index 112

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