Stimulant Drugs and ADHD Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

by ; ;
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2000-11-09
Publisher(s): Oxford University Press
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Summary

Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. Hundreds of studies over the past 60 years have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving attention span, increasing impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity and restlessness. Despite widespread interest inthese compounds, however, their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system have remained poorly understood. Recent advances in the basic and clinical neurosciences now afford the possibility of elucidating these mechanisms. The current volume is the first to bring this expanding knowledge tobear on the central question of why and how stimulants exert their therapeutic effects. The result is a careful, comprehensive, and insightful integration of material by well-known scientists that significantly advances our understanding of stimulant effects and charts a course for future research.Part I presents a comprehensive description of the clinical features of ADHD and the clinical response to stimulants. Part II details the cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy and functional neurophysiology of dopamine and norepinephrine systems with respect to the regulation of attention, arousal,activity, and impulse control and the effects of stimulants on these systems. Part III is devoted to clinical research, including recent studies of neuroimaging, genetics, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of stimulants, effects on cognitive functions, neurophysiological effects inhumans with and without ADHD and in non-human primates, and comparison of stimulants and non-stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. Part IV is a masterful synthesis that presents alternative models of stimulant drug action and generates key hypotheses for continued research. The volume will be of keeninterest to researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, psychology, and neurology, neuroscientists studying stimulants, and those pursuing development of new drugs to treat ADHD.

Table of Contents

Contributors xi
PART I PHENOMENOLOGY
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Features
3(28)
Mary V. Solanto
Clinical Effects of Stimulant Medication in ADHD
31(46)
Laurence L. Greenhill
PART II BASIC NEUROSCIENCE
Introduction
73(4)
Amy F. T. Arnsten
The Catecholamine Innervation of Primate Cerebral Cortex
77(27)
David A. Lewis
Stimulant Effects on Striatal and Cortical Dopamine Systems Involved in Reward-Related Behavior and Impulsivity
104(30)
Jane R. Taylor
J. David Jentsch
Psychostimulant Actions on Dopamine and Limbic System Function: Relevance to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of ADHD
134(24)
Anthony A. Grace
Arousal-and Attention-Related Actions of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System: Potential Target in the Therapeutic Actions of Amphetamine-Like Stimulants
158(27)
Craig W. Berridge
Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Influences on Cognitive Functions Mediated by Prefrontal Cortex
185(24)
Amy F. T. Arnsten
A Review of Rodent Models of ADHD
209(12)
Sherry A. Ferguson
The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat as a Model of ADHD
221(22)
Terje Sagvolden
PART III CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
Introduction
239(4)
Mary V. Solanto
Neuroimaging Studies of ADHD
243(16)
F. Xavier Castellanos
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Methylphenidate in Humans
259(24)
James Swanson
Nora Volkow
Cognitive Pharmacology of Stimulants in Children with ADHD
283(20)
Colin B. Denney
Mark D. Rapport
Comparative Psychopharmacology of Methylphenidate and Related Drugs in Human Volunteers, Patients with ADHD, and Experimental Animals
303(29)
Mitual A. Mehata
Barbara J. Sahakian
Trevor W. Robbins
Comparing the Effects of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Agents on Catecholamine Function: Implications for Theories of ADHD
332(23)
Steven R. Pliszka
PART IV INTEGRATION
The Neuroscience of Stimulant Drug Action in ADHD
355(26)
Mary V. Solanto
Amy F. T. Arnsten
F. Xavier Castellanos
Appendix: The Behavior of Children Receiving Benzedrine 381(8)
Charles Bradley
Index 389

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