| Preface to the Sixth Edition |
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xix | (2) |
| Preface to the Fifth Edition |
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xxi | |
| PART I Laboratory Operations |
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3 | (324) |
| Preliminary Topics |
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3 | (13) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.7 A Short List of Hazardous Materials and Some of Their Properties |
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8 | (8) |
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2. Glassware Used in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory |
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16 | (5) |
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21 | (3) |
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3.1 Care of Ground-Glass-Jointed Glassware |
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22 | (1) |
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3.2 Separatory Funnels and Glassware with Stopcocks |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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4. Collection and Disposal of Waste |
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24 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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4.3 General Instructions for Collection of Waste |
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25 | (1) |
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5. The Laboratory Notebook |
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26 | (5) |
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6. The Chemical Literature |
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31 | (7) |
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6.1 Secondary Sources for Physical Properties of Organic Compounds |
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32 | (3) |
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6.2 Secondary Sources for Methods of Preparation of Organic Compounds |
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35 | (1) |
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6.3 Collection of Spectra |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (6) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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7.3 Molecular Weights and Molar Volumes of Acids |
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40 | (1) |
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7.4 Molar Weights of Bases |
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41 | (1) |
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7.5 Molecular Weights, Densities, and Molar Volumes of Selected Liquid Reagents |
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41 | (1) |
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7.6 Periodic Table of the Elements |
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42 | (2) |
| Separation of Substances; Purification of Substances |
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44 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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8.2 Micro-Scale Gravity Filtration |
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45 | (1) |
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8.3 Vacuum or Suction Filtration |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (14) |
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49 | (1) |
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9.2 Dissolving the Sample |
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49 | (1) |
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9.3 Decolorizing the Solution |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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9.5 Cooling for Crystallization |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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9.9 More Techniques of Crystallization |
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55 | (2) |
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9.10 Micro-Scale Recrystallization |
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57 | (2) |
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9.11 Selection of a Suitable Solvent |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (18) |
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63 | (3) |
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10.2 Distillation of a Pure Liquid |
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66 | (1) |
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10.3 Miscible Pairs of Liquids |
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67 | (3) |
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10.4 Fractional Distillation |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (3) |
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10.6 Technique of Distillation |
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75 | (2) |
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10.7 Small-Scale Distillation |
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77 | (3) |
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11. Reduced-Pressure Distillation |
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80 | (7) |
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11.1 Estimation of the Boiling Point at Reduced Pressure |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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11.4 Pressure Measurement |
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84 | (1) |
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11.5 Technique of Distillation Under Reduced Pressure |
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85 | (2) |
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12. Distillation of Mixtures of Two Immiscible Liquids; Steam Distillation |
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87 | (3) |
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12.1 Theory of Steam Distillation |
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87 | (1) |
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12.2 Technique of Steam Distillation |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (2) |
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13.1 Theory of Sublimation |
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90 | (1) |
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13.2 Technique of Sublimation |
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91 | (1) |
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14. Extraction by Solvents |
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92 | (17) |
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14.1 Theory of Extraction |
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92 | (2) |
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14.2 Extraction of Acids and Bases |
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94 | (3) |
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14.3 Technique of Extraction |
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97 | (4) |
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14.4 Micro-Scale Extraction |
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101 | (8) |
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109 | (20) |
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15.1 Theory of Column Chromatography |
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110 | (3) |
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15.2 Technique of Column Chromatography |
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113 | (3) |
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15.3 Theory of Thin-Layer Chromatography |
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116 | (2) |
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15.4 Technique of Thin-Layer Chromatography |
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118 | (2) |
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15.5 Theory of Paper Chromatography |
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120 | (1) |
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15.6 Technique of Paper Chromatography |
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120 | (2) |
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15.7 Theory of Vapor-Phase Chromatography |
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122 | (4) |
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15.8 Technique of Vapor-Phase Chromatography |
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126 | (2) |
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15.9 High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography |
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128 | (1) |
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15.10 Batchwise Adsorption; Decolorization |
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129 | (1) |
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16. Removal of Water; Drying |
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129 | (9) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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16.3 Drying of Solvents and Liquid Reagents |
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134 | (4) |
| Determination of Physical Properties |
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138 | (12) |
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17.1 Experimental Determination of Boiling Point |
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138 | (3) |
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17.2 Boiling Point and Molecular Structure |
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141 | (3) |
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17.3 Boiling Point and the Enthalpy and Entropy of Vaporization |
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144 | (6) |
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150 | (9) |
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18.1 Experimental Determination of the Melting Point |
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150 | (4) |
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18.2 The Melting Point as a Criterion of Purity |
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154 | (1) |
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18.3 The Melting Point as a Means of Identification and Characterization |
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155 | (1) |
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18.4 Mixture Melting Points |
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155 | (1) |
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18.5 Melting Point and Molecular Structure |
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155 | (4) |
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19. Density; Specific Gravity |
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159 | (2) |
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19.1 Experimental Determination of the Density |
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159 | (1) |
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19.2 Density and Molecular Structure |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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20.1 Experimental Determination of the Index of Refraction |
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161 | (1) |
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20.2 Index of Refraction and Molecular Structure |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (5) |
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21.1 Experimental Determination of Optical Rotation |
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163 | (3) |
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21.2 Optical Activity and Molecular Structure |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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22.1 Molecular Weight Determination by Mass Spectrometry |
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168 | (1) |
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22.2 Molecular Weight Determination by Other Methods |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (13) |
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23.1 Solubility of Liquids in Liquids |
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170 | (4) |
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23.2 Solubility of Solids in Liquids |
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174 | (1) |
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23.3 Classification of Compounds by Solubility; Relationships Between Solubility and Molecular Structure |
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175 | (5) |
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23.4 Techniques for Determination of Solubility |
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180 | (2) |
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24. Infrared Absorption Spectrometry |
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182 | (19) |
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24.1 Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy of Electromagnetic Radiation |
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183 | (1) |
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24.2 Units of Light Absorption |
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183 | (2) |
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24.3 Infrared Light Absorption and Molecular Structure |
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185 | (1) |
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24.4 Interpretation of Infrared Spectra |
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186 | (5) |
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191 | (10) |
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25. Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectrometry |
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201 | (6) |
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25.1 Ultraviolet-Visible Light Absorption and Molecular Structure |
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202 | (1) |
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25.2 Interpretation of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra |
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203 | (1) |
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25.3 Color and Molecular Structure |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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26. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry |
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207 | (24) |
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26.1 Shielding; Chemical Shift |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (8) |
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219 | (1) |
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26.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Structure |
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220 | (2) |
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26.5 Interpretation of NMR Spectra |
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222 | (4) |
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226 | (5) |
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231 | (10) |
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27.1 Theory of Mass Spectrometry |
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231 | (3) |
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27.2 Interpretation of Mass Spectra |
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234 | (2) |
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27.3 High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
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236 | (5) |
| Determination of Chemical Properties: Qualitative Organic Analysis |
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28. Qualitative Tests for the Elements |
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241 | (6) |
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28.1 Ignition Test; Test for Metals |
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241 | (1) |
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28.2 Beilstein Test; Test for Halogens (Except Fluorine) |
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242 | (1) |
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28.3 Sodium Fusion Test; Test for Nitrogen, Sulfur, and the Halogens |
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242 | (5) |
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29. Qualitative Characterization Tests: Tests for the Functional Groups |
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247 | (19) |
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29.1 Detection of Ammonia from Ammonium Salts, Primary Amides, and Nitriles |
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249 | (1) |
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29.2 Benzenesulfonyl Chloride (Hinsberg's Test) |
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250 | (2) |
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29.3 Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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29.5 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine |
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253 | (1) |
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29.6 Ferric Chloride Solution |
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254 | (1) |
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29.7 Ferric Hydroxamate Test |
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255 | (3) |
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29.8 Hydrochloric Acid/Zinc Chloride Test (Lucas's Test) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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29.10 Aqueous Potassium Permanganate Solution (Baeyer's Test) |
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260 | (1) |
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29.11 Alcoholic Silver Nitrate Solution |
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261 | (1) |
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29.12 Sodium Hydroxide Test |
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262 | (1) |
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29.13 Sodium Iodide in Acetone |
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263 | (1) |
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29.14 Tollen's Reagent: Silver-Ammonia Complex Ion |
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263 | (3) |
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30. Characterization Through Formation of Derivatives |
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266 | (33) |
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30.1 Benzoates, p-Nitrobenzoates, and 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates of Alcohols |
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272 | (1) |
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30.2 Hydrogen 3-Nitrophthalates of Alcohols |
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273 | (1) |
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30.3 Phenyl-and Alpha-Naphthylurethans |
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274 | (1) |
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30.4 Methone Derivations of Aldehydes |
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274 | (1) |
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30.5 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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30.8 Carboxylic Acids by Hydrolysis of Primary Amides and Nitriles |
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277 | (1) |
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30.9 9-Acylamidoxanthenes from Amides |
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278 | (1) |
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30.10 Hydrolysis of N-Substituted Amides |
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279 | (1) |
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30.11 Substituted Acetamides from Amines |
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280 | (1) |
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30.12 Substituted Benzamides from Amines |
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281 | (1) |
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30.13 p-Toluenesulfonamides from Amines |
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282 | (1) |
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30.14 Phenylthioureas and Alpha-Naphthylthioureas |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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30.16 Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Methiodides and p-Toluenesulfonates |
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285 | (1) |
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30.17 Carboxylic Acid Amides |
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285 | (1) |
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30.18 Anilides, p-Toluidides, and p-Bromoanilides of Carboxylic Acids |
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286 | (1) |
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30.19 Phenacyl and Substituted Phenacyl Esters of Carboxylic Acids |
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287 | (2) |
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30.20 P-Nitrobenzyl Esters of Carboxylic Acids |
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289 | (1) |
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30.21 N-Benzylamides from Esters |
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290 | (1) |
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30.22 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates from Esters |
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290 | (1) |
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30.23 Hydrolysis of Esters |
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291 | (1) |
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30.24 Bromination of Aromatic Ethers |
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292 | (1) |
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30.25 S-Alkylthiuronium Picrates |
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293 | (1) |
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30.26 o-Aroylbenzoic Acids from Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
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294 | (1) |
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30.27 Aromatic Acids by Oxidation by Permanganate |
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295 | (1) |
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30.28 Anilides, p-Toluidides, and Alpha-Naphthalides from Alkyl Halides |
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295 | (1) |
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30.29 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenone Adducts of Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
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296 | (1) |
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30.30 Bromination of Phenols |
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297 | (1) |
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30.31 Aryloxyacetic Acids from Phenols |
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297 | (2) |
| Apparatus and Techniques for Chemical Reactions |
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31. Assembling the Apparatus |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (3) |
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33. Methods of Heating and Cooling |
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305 | (5) |
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305 | (4) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (2) |
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36. Control of Evolved Gases |
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315 | (2) |
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37. Concentration; Evaporation |
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317 | (1) |
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38. Use of an Inert Atmosphere |
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318 | (1) |
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39. Working Up the Reaction; Isolation of the Product |
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319 | (8) |
| PART II Experiments |
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327 | (308) |
| Isolations and Purifications |
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E1 Isolation of Cholesterol from Gallstones |
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327 | (2) |
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E2 Isolation of Lactose from Powdered Milk |
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329 | (3) |
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E3 Isolation of Acetylsalicylic Acid from Aspirin Tablets |
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332 | (3) |
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E4 Isolation of Ibuprofen from Ibuprofen Tablets |
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335 | (2) |
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E5 Isolation of Caffeine from Tea and NoDoz |
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337 | (3) |
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E6 Isolation of Piperine from Black Pepper |
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340 | (2) |
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E7 Isolation of Trimyristin from Nutmeg |
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342 | (2) |
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E8 Isolation of Clove Oil from Cloves |
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344 | (2) |
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E9 Isolation of Eugenol from Clove Oil |
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346 | (1) |
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E10 Isolation of (R)-(+)-Limonene from Grapefruit or Orange Peel |
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347 | (3) |
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E11 Isolation of (R)-(-)-or (S)-(+)-Carvone from Oil of Spearmint or Oil of Caraway |
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350 | (5) |
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E12 Resolution of Alpha-Phenylethylamine by (R),(R)-(+)-Tartaric acid |
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355 | (8) |
| Transformations |
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| Isomerizations |
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363 | (8) |
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E13 Adamantane from endo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene via the Thiourea Clathrate |
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364 | (3) |
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E14 cis-Dibenzoylethyelene from trans-1,2-Dibenzoylethylene |
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367 | (4) |
| Preparation of Cyclohexanol |
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371 | (4) |
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E15 Cyclohexanol from Cyclohexene |
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371 | (2) |
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E16 Cycohexanol from Cyclohexanone |
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373 | (2) |
| Reactions of Cyclohexanol |
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375 | (14) |
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E17 Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol |
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376 | (5) |
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E18 Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol: A Variation |
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381 | (3) |
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E19 Cyclohexyl Bromide from Cyclohexanol |
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384 | (3) |
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E20 Cyclohexanone from Cyclohexanol |
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387 | (2) |
| Addition of Dichlorcarbene to Alkenes by Phase Transfer Catalysis |
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389 | (8) |
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E21 Addition of Dichlorocarbene to Cyclohexene |
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392 | (2) |
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E22 Addition of Dichlorocarbene to Styrene: A Variation |
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394 | (2) |
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E23 Addition of Dichlorocarbene to 1,5-Cycloctadiene: Another Variation |
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395 | (2) |
| Alkyl Halides from Alcohols |
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397 | (20) |
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E24 Isoamyl Bromide from Isoamyl Alcohol |
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398 | (4) |
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E25 n-Butyl Bromide from n-Butyl Alcohol: A Variation |
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402 | (1) |
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E26 tert-Butyl Chloride from tert-Butyl Alcohol |
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403 | (3) |
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E27 tert-Amyl Chloride from tert-Amyl Alcohol: A Variation |
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406 | (1) |
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E28 Competitive Nucleophilic Substitution of Butyl Alcohols by Bromide and Chloride Ion |
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407 | (3) |
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E29 Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of tert-Butyl Chloride |
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410 | (7) |
| Isoamyl Acetate: A Component of the Alarm Pheromone of the Honey Bee |
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417 | (10) |
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E30 Isoamyl Acetate from Isoamyl Bromide and Potassium Acetate |
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421 | (3) |
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E31 Isoamyl Acetate from Isoamyl Alcohol and Acetic Acid; The Fischer Estrification |
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424 | (3) |
| Liquid Crystals |
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427 | (4) |
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E32 Cholesteryl Benzoate from Cholesterol |
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428 | (3) |
| Acetylation of Glucose |
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431 | (8) |
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E33 Alpha-D-Glucose Pentaacetate from Glucose |
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433 | (1) |
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E34 Beta-D-Glucose Pentaacetate from Glucose |
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433 | (1) |
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E35 Acetylation of Glucose in N-Methylimidazole: A Variation |
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434 | (2) |
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E36 Preparation of Methyl Benzoate, Oil of Niobe |
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436 | (3) |
| The Grignard Reaction |
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439 | (5) |
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E37 Aliphatic Alcohols: Preparation by Grignard Synthesis |
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439 | (5) |
| Preparation of Triphenylmethanol |
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444 | (12) |
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E38 Preparation of Triphenylmethanol from Benzophenone |
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446 | (2) |
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E39 Preparation of Triphenylmethanol from Methyl Benzoate |
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448 | (3) |
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E40 Preparation of Triphenylmethanol from Dimethyl Carbonate |
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451 | (3) |
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E41 Preparation of Aniline from Nitrobenzene |
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454 | (2) |
| Preparation of Amides |
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456 | (7) |
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E42 Acetanilide from Aniline |
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457 | (4) |
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E43 N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide from m-Toluic Acid; A Mosquito Repellant: "Off" |
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461 | (2) |
| Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzene Derivatives |
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463 | (9) |
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E44 Methyl m-Nitrobenzoate from Methyl Benzoate |
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464 | (2) |
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E45 p-Bromoacetanilide from Acetanilide |
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466 | (3) |
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E46 2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene from Bromobenzene |
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469 | (3) |
| Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of 2,4-Dinitrobromobenzene |
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472 | (8) |
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473 | (1) |
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E48 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine |
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474 | (1) |
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E49 2,4-Dinitrodiphenylamine |
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475 | (2) |
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E50 2,4-Dinitrophenylpiperidine |
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477 | (1) |
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E51 4-Substituted 2,4-Dinitrophenylanilines: A Variation |
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478 | (2) |
| Diazonium Salts of Aromatic Amines |
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480 | (2) |
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E52 Benzenediazonium Chloride from Aniline |
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481 | (1) |
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E53 p-Nitrobenzenediazonium Sulfate from p-Nitroaniline |
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482 | (1) |
| Replacement Reactions of Diazonium Salts |
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482 | (3) |
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E54 Chlorobenzene from Benzenediazonium Chloride |
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483 | (2) |
| Reactions of Vanillin |
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485 | (13) |
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E55 Acetylvanillin from Vanillin |
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486 | (1) |
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E56 5-Bromovanillin from Vanillin |
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487 | (2) |
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E57 5-Nitrovanillin from Vanillin |
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489 | (1) |
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E58 Vanillin Oxime from Vanillin |
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490 | (1) |
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E59 Vanillin Semicarbazone from Vanillin |
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491 | (2) |
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E60 Vanillyl Alcohol from Vanillin |
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493 | (1) |
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E61 Vanillideneacetone from Vanillin |
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|
494 | (4) |
| Synthesis of Dyes |
|
498 | (9) |
|
E62 Benzenediazonium Chloride and Beta-Naphthol: 1-Phenylazo-2-Naphthol (Sudan I) |
|
|
499 | (3) |
|
E63 p-Nitrobenzenediazonium Sulfate and Phenol: p-(4-nitrobenzeneazo)-phenol |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
E64 p-Nitrobenzenediazonium Sulfate and Beta-Naphthol: 1-(p-nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol (Para Red; American Flag Red) |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
E65 p-Nitrobenzenediazonium Sulfate and Dimethylaniline: p-(4-nitrobenzeneazo)-N,N-Dimethylaniline |
|
|
505 | (2) |
| The Diels-Alder Reaction |
|
507 | (10) |
|
E66 Butadiene (from 3-Sulfolene) and Maleic Anhydride |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
E67 Cyclopentadiene and Maleic Anhydride |
|
|
510 | (4) |
|
E68 Furan and Maleic Anhydride |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
E69 Alpha-Phellandrene and Maleic Anhydride |
|
|
515 | (2) |
| The Writing Reaction |
|
517 | (10) |
|
E70 The Preparation of trans-Stilbene |
|
|
519 | (5) |
|
E71 Preparation of trans, trans-1, 4-Diphenylbutadiene: A Variation |
|
|
524 | (3) |
| Analgesics: Aspirin, Phenacetin, and Tylenol |
|
527 | (9) |
|
E72 Acetylsalicylic Acid from Salicylic Acid: Preparation of Aspirin |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
E73 p-Acetamidophenol from p-Aminophenol: Preparation of Tylenol |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
E74 p-Ethoxyacetanilide from p-Ethoxyaniline: Preparation of Phenacetin |
|
|
531 | (4) |
|
E75 p-Ethoxyacetanilide from p-Acetamidophenol: Another Preparation of Phenacetin |
|
|
535 | (1) |
| Nitration of Phenacetin |
|
536 | (2) |
|
E76 2-Nitrophenacetin form Phenacetin |
|
|
536 | (2) |
| Esterification of Salicylic Acid |
|
538 | (2) |
|
E77 Preparation of Methyl Salicylate: Oil of Wintergreen |
|
|
538 | (2) |
| Coconut Aldehyde; Gamma-Nonanolactone |
|
540 | (6) |
|
E78 3-Nonenoic Acid from Heptaldehyde and Malonic Acid |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
E79 Coconut Aldehyde from 3-Nonenoic Acid |
|
|
543 | (4) |
| Catalysis by Thiamine |
|
546 | (6) |
|
E80 Thiamine-Catalyzed Formation of Benzoin from Benzaldehyde |
|
|
546 | (6) |
| A Model for the Reducing Agent NADH |
|
552 | (7) |
|
E81 1-Benzylnicotinamide Chloride from Nicotinamide |
|
|
554 | (2) |
|
E82 1-Benzyldihydronicotinamide form 1-Benzylnicotinamide Chloride |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
E83 Reduction of Malachite Green by 1-Benzyl-dihydronicotinamide |
|
|
557 | (2) |
| Two Thermochronic Compounds |
|
559 | (5) |
|
E84 Dixanthylene from Xanthone |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
E85 Dianthroquinone from Anthrone via 9-Bromoanthrone |
|
|
561 | (3) |
| A Photochromic Compound: 2-(2, 4-Dinitrobenzyl) pyridine |
|
564 | (14) |
|
E86 A Photochromic Compound: 2-(2, 4-Dinitrobenzyl) pyridine |
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
E87 A Chemiluminescent Compound: Luminol |
|
|
567 | (11) |
| Synthetic Sequences: Experiments that Use a Sequence of Reactions |
|
| Steroid Transformations |
|
578 | (11) |
|
E88 Cholesterol Dibromide from Cholesterol |
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
E89 5Alpha, 6Beta-Dibromocholestane-3-one from Cholesterol Dibromide |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
E90 Delta5-Cholestene-3-one from 5Alpha, 6Beta-Dibromocholestane-3-one |
|
|
583 | (4) |
|
E91 Delta4-Cholestene-3-one from Delta5-Cholestene-3-one |
|
|
587 | (2) |
| Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone: A Purple Compound |
|
589 | (8) |
|
E92 Benzoin from Benzaldehyde |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
E94 Dibenzylketone from Phenylacetic Acid |
|
|
593 | (2) |
|
E95 Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone form Benzil and Dibenzyl Ketone |
|
|
595 | (2) |
| Sulfanilamide |
|
597 | (10) |
|
E96 p-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl Chloride from Acetanilide |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
E97 p-Acetamidobenzenesulfonamide from p-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl Chloride |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
E98 Sulfanilamide from p-Acetamidobenzenesulfonamide |
|
|
605 | (2) |
| A Bootstrap Synthesis: p-Phenetidine from p-Phenetidine |
|
607 | (8) |
|
E99 Ethyldioxyazobenzene from p-Phenetidine |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
E100 Diethyldioxyazobenzene from Ethyldioxyazobenzene |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
E101 p-Phenetidine from Diethyldioxyazobenzene |
|
|
611 | (4) |
| 1-Bromo-3-Chloro-5-iodobenzene |
|
615 | (12) |
|
E102 2-Chloro-4-Bromoacetanilide from 4-Bromoacetanilide |
|
|
617 | (3) |
|
E103 2-Chloro-4-Bromoaniline from 2-Chloro-4-Bromoacetanilide |
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
E104 2-Chloro-4-Bromo-6-iodoaniline from 2-Chloro-4-Bromoaniline |
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
E105 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5-Iodobenzene from 2-Chloro-4-bromo-6-iodoaniline |
|
|
624 | (3) |
| MOED: A Merocyanine Dye |
|
627 | (8) |
|
E106 1,4-Dimethylpyridinium Iodide from 4-Methylpyridine and Methyl Iodide |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
E107 Preparation of 4-(p-Hydroxystyryl)-1-Methylpyridinium Iodide from 1-4-Dimethylpyridinium Iodide and p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
E108 1-Methyl-4 [(Oxocyclohexadienylidene)-Ethylidene]-1, 4-Dihydropyridine (MOED) from 4-(p-Hydroxystyryl)-1-Methyl-pyridinium Iodide |
|
|
632 | (3) |
| Appendix |
|
635 | (12) |
| Chemical Substance Index |
|
647 | (8) |
| General Subject Index |
|
655 | |
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